{"id":728,"date":"2026-07-03T13:41:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-03T11:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www-new.ias.u-psud.fr\/?p=728"},"modified":"2026-09-25T13:18:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T11:18:09","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-cosmologie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/2026\/07\/03\/quest-ce-que-la-cosmologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la cosmologie ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"728\" class=\"elementor elementor-728\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2549da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a2549da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7558ca1 animated-slow elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7558ca1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">QUESTIONS DE RECHERCHE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86c0fe7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86c0fe7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la cosmologie ?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-789f2d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"789f2d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/The_Magellanic_Clouds_and_an_interstellar_filament.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"The_Magellanic_Clouds_and_an_interstellar_filament\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjMwNCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5pYXMudS1wc3VkLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI2XC8wN1wvVGhlX01hZ2VsbGFuaWNfQ2xvdWRzX2FuZF9hbl9pbnRlcnN0ZWxsYXJfZmlsYW1lbnQucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/The_Magellanic_Clouds_and_an_interstellar_filament-300x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2304\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/The_Magellanic_Clouds_and_an_interstellar_filament-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/The_Magellanic_Clouds_and_an_interstellar_filament-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/The_Magellanic_Clouds_and_an_interstellar_filament-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/The_Magellanic_Clouds_and_an_interstellar_filament-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/The_Magellanic_Clouds_and_an_interstellar_filament-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/The_Magellanic_Clouds_and_an_interstellar_filament.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Cr\u00e9dit : ESA and the Planck Collaboration<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cb3ac5 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-4cb3ac5-f276b33 \" data-id=\"4cb3ac5\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"4cb3ac5\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-152b793 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"152b793\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Laura Salvati<\/strong>, responsable de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe Cosmologie \u00e0 l&rsquo;IAS d\u00e9finie la cosmologie comme l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de l\u2019\u00e9volution temporelle de l\u2019Univers, du <strong>Big Bang jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui :<\/strong><\/p><p><em>\u00ab <\/em><em><strong>Comprendre l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019Univers<\/strong><\/em><em>, depuis le Big Bang jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui, en analysant les observations actuelles (satellites, t\u00e9lescopes) et en mod\u00e9lisant les processus physiques qui ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 sa structure. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f314a78 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-f314a78-55652cb \" data-id=\"f314a78\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"f314a78\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0656c09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0656c09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00e9thodologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cfcd74 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-3cfcd74-cae3c9f \" data-id=\"3cfcd74\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"3cfcd74\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cae0b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cae0b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cela passe par une m\u00e9thodologie :<\/p><ul><li><strong>Observation<\/strong> : Donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es par des satellites et t\u00e9lescopes.<\/li><li><strong>Analyse<\/strong> : \u00c9tude des signaux (ex. : photons de la <strong>CMB \u2013 Cosmic Microwave Background<\/strong>, \u00ab photo tr\u00e8s jeune de l\u2019Univers \u00bb).<\/li><li><strong>Mod\u00e9lisation<\/strong> : Utilisation de <strong>mod\u00e8les th\u00e9oriques<\/strong> pour interpr\u00e9ter les donn\u00e9es.<\/li><li><strong>Instrumentation<\/strong> : Cha\u00eene de froid cryog\u00e9nique pour pr\u00e9server les signaux cosmologiques.<\/li><\/ul><p>Le processus complet d&rsquo;une recherche en cosmologie s&rsquo;inscrit en outre dans la dur\u00e9e :<\/p><p>\u00a0<strong>Th\u00e9orie \u2192 Simulations \u2192 Conception de missions \u2192 Pr\u00e9dictions \u2192 Observations \u2192 Analyses \u2192 Interpr\u00e9tation et retour scientifique<\/strong> (cycle de ~10 ans).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bc4d1 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-22bc4d1-878799b \" data-id=\"22bc4d1\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"22bc4d1\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29dd6fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"29dd6fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Instruments<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f69865 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-4f69865-b1de557 \" data-id=\"4f69865\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"4f69865\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfe8c77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfe8c77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Les satellites<\/strong> :<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www-new.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/2026\/08\/04\/planck\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Planck<\/strong><\/a> : Carte compl\u00e8te du ciel en CMB (observation la plus ancienne de l\u2019Univers, mais pas l\u2019appareil initial).<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www-new.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/euclid\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Euclid<\/strong><\/a> (ESA) : \u00c9tude de la <strong>distribution des galaxies<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Fossil<\/strong> (ESA) : Mission d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des structures cosmiques.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Les t\u00e9lescopes au sol<\/strong> :<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www-new.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/2026\/07\/29\/ska\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>SKA<\/strong><\/a> (Square Kilometre Array, Australie\/Afrique du Sud) : Observation de la <strong>ligne \u00e0 21 cm<\/strong> (hydrog\u00e8ne neutre) pour cartographier l\u2019Univers jeune.<\/li><li><strong>Simons Observatory<\/strong> et <strong>LifeBird<\/strong> : Observation de la m\u00eame carte que Planck (croisement des donn\u00e9es).<\/li><\/ul><p>Laura S explique que <em>\u00ab<strong> c<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>haque projet est une pi\u00e8ce du puzzle<\/strong><\/em><em> : ensemble, ils permettent de construire une <\/em><em><strong>histoire coh\u00e9rente<\/strong><\/em><em> de l\u2019Univers, de la CMB \u00e0 la toile cosmique. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5767c07 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5767c07\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2606214 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2606214\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d5940f elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d5940f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">En savoir plus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd67474 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd67474\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/cosmologie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L&rsquo;\u00e9quipe Cosmologie<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Laura Salvati, responsable de l\u2019\u00e9quipe Cosmologie \u00e0 l\u2019IAS d\u00e9finie la cosmologie comme l\u2019\u00e9tude de l\u2019\u00e9volution temporelle de l\u2019Univers, du Big Bang jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2304,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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