{"id":233,"date":"2026-07-01T11:20:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T09:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www-new.ias.u-psud.fr\/?p=233"},"modified":"2026-09-25T13:16:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T11:16:38","slug":"quel-est-le-role-de-l-astrochimie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/2026\/07\/01\/quel-est-le-role-de-l-astrochimie\/","title":{"rendered":"Quel est le r\u00f4le de l&rsquo;astrochimie ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"233\" class=\"elementor elementor-233\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62fc4809 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"62fc4809\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51b48f83 animated-slow elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51b48f83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">QUESTIONS DE RECHERCHE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63f7b05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63f7b05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quel est le r\u00f4le de l&rsquo;astrochimie ?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2a0a60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e2a0a60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Design-sans-titre.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Design sans titre\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM0MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5pYXMudS1wc3VkLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI2XC8wN1wvRGVzaWduLXNhbnMtdGl0cmUucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Design-sans-titre-240x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2341\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Design-sans-titre-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Design-sans-titre-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Design-sans-titre-768x960.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Design-sans-titre.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b316638 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-ba7574f \" data-id=\"b316638\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"b316638\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6905e39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6905e39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tL\u2019<strong>astrochimie<\/strong> est une discipline scientifique d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de la <strong>composition, de l\u2019origine et de l\u2019\u00e9volution des solides extraterrestres<\/strong> : <strong>poussi\u00e8res, glaces, m\u00e9t\u00e9orites, grains com\u00e9taires, ast\u00e9ro\u00efdes<\/strong>, et m\u00eame la <strong>poussi\u00e8re interstellaire<\/strong>. Comme l\u2019explique <strong>Zahia Djouadi<\/strong>, responsable de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe Astrochimie et Origines, son objectif est <em>\u00ab d\u2019analyser la mati\u00e8re extraterrestre pour comprendre son \u00e9volution et son r\u00f4le dans l\u2019origine du syst\u00e8me solaire et de la vie \u00bb<\/em>.\n\nL\u2019astrochimie \u00e9tudie le <strong>cycle de la mati\u00e8re<\/strong> \u00e0 travers trois grandes \u00e9tapes :\n<ol>\n \t<li><strong>Nuage de poussi\u00e8re<\/strong> : Mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re, issue du <strong>milieu interstellaire (MIS)<\/strong>, compos\u00e9e de gaz et de grains solides.\n \t<li><strong>Disque protoplan\u00e9taire<\/strong> : Disque de gaz et de poussi\u00e8re en rotation autour d\u2019une jeune \u00e9toile, o\u00f9 se forment les plan\u00e9t\u00e9simaux (blocs de construction des plan\u00e8tes).<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Formation du Soleil et des plan\u00e8tes<\/strong> : Les fragments non agr\u00e9g\u00e9s (m\u00e9t\u00e9orites, ast\u00e9ro\u00efdes, com\u00e8tes) deviennent des archives de cette \u00e9poque, pr\u00e9servant les traces des processus chimiques et physiques qui ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 notre syst\u00e8me solaire.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-536127f e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-82f52a2 \" data-id=\"536127f\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"536127f\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-635cfbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"635cfbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Domaines d'\u00e9tude cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c331ce6 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-c331ce6-6cee8cd \" data-id=\"c331ce6\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"c331ce6\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c1f1af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c1f1af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLes recherches en astrochimie se concentrent sur :\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Origine, composition et \u00e9volution des solides extraterrestres<\/strong> : \u00c9tude des poussi\u00e8res, glaces, m\u00e9t\u00e9orites, et autres mat\u00e9riaux pour comprendre leur formation et leur transformation.\n \t<li><strong>Processus d\u2019\u00e9volution des solides<\/strong> : De leur formation dans le <strong>milieu interstellaire (MIS)<\/strong> jusqu\u2019\u00e0 leur incorporation dans les <strong>petits corps du syst\u00e8me solaire <\/strong>en se focalisant sur l\u2019\u00e9tude des compositions physico-chimiques et min\u00e9ralogiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<strong>Exemple embl\u00e9matique<\/strong> : L\u2019<strong>ast\u00e9ro\u00efde Ryugu<\/strong>, explor\u00e9 par la mission <strong>Hayabusa2<\/strong>, a permis de collecter des \u00e9chantillons de mati\u00e8re primitive, offrant un aper\u00e7u unique des <strong>premiers stades de la formation du syst\u00e8me solaire<\/strong>.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-625cbcd e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-625cbcd-6141b6b \" data-id=\"625cbcd\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"625cbcd\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55a69c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"55a69c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00e9thodologies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ef2504 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-1ef2504-552bc69 \" data-id=\"1ef2504\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"1ef2504\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d399a79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d399a79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour \u00e9tudier la mati\u00e8re extraterrestre, les chercheurs utilisent une approche <strong>multidisciplinaire<\/strong> :<\/p><ul><li><strong>Simulation exp\u00e9rimentale<\/strong> : Reproduction en laboratoire des <strong>conditions spatiales<\/strong> (temp\u00e9ratures extr\u00eames, rayonnements, vide) pour comprendre les processus chimiques et physiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre.<\/li><li><strong>Analyse de la mati\u00e8re extraterrestre<\/strong> : \u00c9tude directe des <strong>m\u00e9t\u00e9orites, grains com\u00e9taires et \u00e9chantillons d\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efdes<\/strong> pour en d\u00e9terminer la composition et la structure.<\/li><li><strong>Comparaison des donn\u00e9es de laboratoire avec les observations spatiales<\/strong> : Validation des mod\u00e8les th\u00e9oriques gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des <strong>donn\u00e9es r\u00e9elles<\/strong> collect\u00e9es par des missions spatiales ou des t\u00e9lescopes.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19b6742 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-19b6742-35ea8a8 \" data-id=\"19b6742\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"19b6742\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c49ff1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c49ff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ressources et \u00e9quipements<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c33036 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-7c33036-9d615f6 \" data-id=\"7c33036\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"7c33036\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4c23fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4c23fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour analyser la mati\u00e8re extraterrestre, les chercheurs disposent de plusieurs <strong>techniques avanc\u00e9es<\/strong> :<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>Spectroscopie infrarouge<\/strong> :<br \/>Utilis\u00e9e pour \u00e9tablir un lien direct avec les donn\u00e9es d\u2019observation, car elle op\u00e8re dans la m\u00eame gamme de longueurs d\u2019onde. Cette technique est particuli\u00e8rement sensible aux liaisons chimiques (comme HOH, NO, etc.), ce qui permet d\u2019identifier des mol\u00e9cules sp\u00e9cifiques. <strong>Avantage<\/strong> : Elle est non-invasive, m\u00eame si une pr\u00e9paration des \u00e9chantillons reste possible.<br \/><strong>Lieu<\/strong> : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.synchrotron-soleil.fr\/fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Synchrotron SOLEIL<\/a>.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Spectroscopie Raman<\/strong> :<br \/>Sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7ue pour la d\u00e9tection de la mati\u00e8re organique dans les \u00e9chantillons extraterrestres.<br \/><strong>Lieu<\/strong> : Laboratoire.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Microscopie \u00e9lectronique<\/strong> :<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>Transmission<\/strong> : Permet d\u2019\u00e9tudier la structure atomique des \u00e9chantillons (amorphe ou cristalline).<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Balayage<\/strong> : Fournit une analyse de la composition \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire des mat\u00e9riaux.<br \/><strong>Lieu<\/strong> : Laboratoire.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>Imagerie hyperspectrale infrarouge<\/strong> :<br \/>Chaque pixel de l\u2019image correspond \u00e0 un spectre complet, offrant une cartographie chimique d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a25754 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-5a25754-4798dfd \" data-id=\"5a25754\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"5a25754\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc1500b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc1500b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Projets phares<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92bbf87 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-92bbf87-f713362 \" data-id=\"92bbf87\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"92bbf87\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccfa8ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ccfa8ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>1. Mission Hayabusa2 (JAXA)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Objectif<\/strong> : \u00c9tudier <strong>l\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efde Ryugu<\/strong>, un objet primitif du syst\u00e8me solaire.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>R\u00e9alisations<\/strong> :\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Collecte d\u2019\u00e9chantillons<\/strong> de mati\u00e8re extraterrestre.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Retour sur Terre<\/strong> des \u00e9chantillons pour analyse en laboratoire.\n \t<li><strong>D\u00e9couvertes<\/strong> : Composition chimique et min\u00e9ralogique r\u00e9v\u00e9lant des indices sur <strong>l\u2019origine de la vie<\/strong> et la formation des plan\u00e8tes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<strong>2. Projet INGMAR<\/strong>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Objectif<\/strong> : Comprendre l\u2019irradiation par le vent solaire des surfaces non prot\u00e9g\u00e9es du syst\u00e8me solaire.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Enjeu : <\/strong>\u00c9tudier comment le <strong>vent solaire<\/strong> (flux de particules charg\u00e9es) modifie la <strong>composition chimique et la structure<\/strong> des mat\u00e9riaux expos\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ee3a4a e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-6ee3a4a-207166e \" data-id=\"6ee3a4a\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"6ee3a4a\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa77c7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa77c7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00f4le scientifique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29742d8 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-29742d8-02462d0 \" data-id=\"29742d8\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"29742d8\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec6a29c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec6a29c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tL\u2019astrochimie joue un r\u00f4le <strong>cl\u00e9<\/strong> dans plusieurs domaines :\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>T\u00e9moins de la formation du syst\u00e8me solaire <\/strong>: Les m\u00e9t\u00e9orites et ast\u00e9ro\u00efdes sont des capsules temporelles qui renferment des informations sur les <strong>premiers millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es<\/strong> de notre syst\u00e8me (hors plan\u00e8tes).\n \t<li><strong>Indices sur l&rsquo;origine de l&rsquo;eau et de la vie sur Terre<\/strong> : L&rsquo;eau a-t-elle \u00e9t\u00e9 apport\u00e9e par accr\u00e9tion humide ou s\u00e8che ? (apr\u00e8s la formation de la Terre par les com\u00e8tes ou ast\u00e9ro\u00efdes).<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Compr\u00e9hension des processus universels : <\/strong>Comment la mati\u00e8re s\u2019est-elle organis\u00e9e pour donner naissance aux plan\u00e8tes et, peut-\u00eatre, \u00e0 la vie elle-m\u00eame ?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-963558d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"963558d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83f9f2f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"83f9f2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-817694d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"817694d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">En savoir plus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8229319 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8229319\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/astrochimie-et-origines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L&rsquo;\u00e9quipe Astrochimie &amp; Origines<\/a><\/p><p>Vid\u00e9o : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.synchrotron-soleil.fr\/fr\/videos\/les-messagers-de-poussiere\"><u>Les Messagers de Poussi\u00e8re (Synchrotron SOLEIL)<\/u><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019astrochimie est une discipline scientifique d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de la composition, de l\u2019origine et de l\u2019\u00e9volution des solides extraterrestres : poussi\u00e8res, glaces, m\u00e9t\u00e9orites, grains com\u00e9taires, ast\u00e9ro\u00efdes, et m\u00eame la poussi\u00e8re interstellaire. 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