{"id":231,"date":"2026-07-02T11:19:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-02T09:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www-new.ias.u-psud.fr\/?p=231"},"modified":"2026-09-25T13:17:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T11:17:28","slug":"quels-sont-les-objets-etudies-en-physique-solaire-et-stellaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/2026\/07\/02\/quels-sont-les-objets-etudies-en-physique-solaire-et-stellaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Quels sont les objets \u00e9tudi\u00e9s en physique solaire et stellaire ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"231\" class=\"elementor elementor-231\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2549da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a2549da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7558ca1 animated-slow elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7558ca1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">QUESTIONS DE RECHERCHE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86c0fe7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86c0fe7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quels sont les objets \u00e9tudi\u00e9s en physique solaire et stellaire ?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-789f2d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"789f2d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/active_region_hri_some_wow.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"active_region_hri_some_wow\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjI1MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5pYXMudS1wc3VkLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI2XC8wN1wvYWN0aXZlX3JlZ2lvbl9ocmlfc29tZV93b3cucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/active_region_hri_some_wow-300x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2253\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/active_region_hri_some_wow-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/active_region_hri_some_wow-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/active_region_hri_some_wow-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/active_region_hri_some_wow-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/active_region_hri_some_wow-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/active_region_hri_some_wow.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d68f48 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-2d68f48-15ed38c \" data-id=\"2d68f48\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"2d68f48\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-924a80c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"924a80c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Comme l\u2019explique <strong><span class=\"ZNx93QP1XNrBdT5MI6SY\"><span class=\"expandableItem\">\u00c9<\/span><\/span>ric Buchlin<\/strong>, responsable de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe Physique solaire et stellaire, son objectif est de <em>\u00ab comprendre les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes physiques du Soleil et des \u00e9toiles, depuis leur structure interne jusqu\u2019\u00e0 leur atmosph\u00e8re externe, en \u00e9tudiant leur dynamique, leur chauffage, et leurs interactions avec l\u2019espace interplan\u00e9taire. \u00bb<\/em><\/p><p>Cette discipline cherche \u00e0 d\u00e9crypter <strong>les m\u00e9canismes<\/strong> suivant :<\/p><ul><li>Structure interne et \u00e9volution du Soleil et des \u00e9toiles<\/li><li>Activit\u00e9 stellaire et magn\u00e9tisme en lien avec la structure\/l&rsquo;\u00e9volution<\/li><li>Diagnostics de la couronne<\/li><li>Dynamique de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re solaire<\/li><li>\u00c9ruptions solaires<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b72363 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-7b72363-0a6b7fe \" data-id=\"7b72363\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"7b72363\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6671940 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6671940\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le Soleil : structure et ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad20fe6 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-ad20fe6-3d1c113 \" data-id=\"ad20fe6\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"ad20fe6\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33d8b37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33d8b37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Une structure thermique particuli\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p><p data-pm-slice=\"1 3 []\">Le Soleil pr\u00e9sente une structure complexe o\u00f9 les temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9voluent de mani\u00e8re surprenante :<\/p><ul><li><strong>Photosph\u00e8re<\/strong> : Surface visible \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153il nu, avec une temp\u00e9rature d\u2019environ <strong>5 500 \u00b0C<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Atmosph\u00e8re externe<\/strong> : Contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019intuition, la temp\u00e9rature <strong>augmente avec l\u2019altitude<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Couronne solaire<\/strong> : Couche la plus externe, atteignant <strong>1 million de \u00b0C<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Noyau<\/strong> : Si\u00e8ge des r\u00e9actions nucl\u00e9aires, source de l\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire.<\/li><li><strong>Zone de convection<\/strong> : Mouvement de plasma qui concentre le champ magn\u00e9tique. Les taches solaires, zones moins chaudes et plus sombres, y trouvent leur origine.<\/li><\/ul><p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>Des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes dynamiques et puissants<\/strong><\/p><p data-pm-slice=\"1 5 []\">Le Soleil est le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de <strong>ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques <\/strong>en interaction constante avec son environnement :<\/p><ul><li data-pm-slice=\"1 5 []\"><strong>D\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre de pression<\/strong> : Entre l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re solaire et le milieu interstellaire.<\/li><li><strong>Vent solaire<\/strong> : Flux continu de particules charg\u00e9es \u00e9mis dans l\u2019espace.<\/li><li><strong>\u00c9ruptions solaires<\/strong> : \u00c9jection de milliards de tonnes de mati\u00e8re (plasma) dans l\u2019espace.<\/li><li><strong>Interaction avec le milieu interplan\u00e9taire<\/strong> : Variations du champ magn\u00e9tique solaire.<\/li><li>Particules acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9es (comme les rayons cosmiques).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a643c20 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-a643c20-84cda01 \" data-id=\"a643c20\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"a643c20\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f7580b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f7580b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019espace : impacts sur la Terre<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bde1d7f e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-bde1d7f-d594c90 \" data-id=\"bde1d7f\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"bde1d7f\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9048377 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9048377\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 3 []\">Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes solaires ont des <strong>cons\u00e9quences directes<\/strong> sur notre plan\u00e8te :<\/p><ul><li><strong>Rayons UV<\/strong> : Absorb\u00e9s par la haute atmosph\u00e8re, ils provoquent l\u2019ionisation des atomes, cr\u00e9ant des ions et \u00e9lectrons libres.<\/li><li><strong>Ionosph\u00e8re<\/strong> : Milieu conducteur o\u00f9 des courants \u00e9lectriques peuvent circuler, perturb\u00e9s par le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre.<\/li><li><strong>Magn\u00e9tosph\u00e8re<\/strong> : Bouclier protecteur contre le vent solaire. Les rayons UV ionisent l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re, formant un plasma conducteur. Ce plasma, soumis au champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre, cr\u00e9e la magn\u00e9tosph\u00e8re, qui nous prot\u00e8ge des particules solaires.<\/li><li><strong>Aurores polaires<\/strong> : R\u00e9sultent de la reconnexion magn\u00e9tique entre le vent solaire et le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre.<\/li><li><strong>Perturbations des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications<\/strong> : Les variations de l\u2019activit\u00e9 solaire peuvent affecter les r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques, l\u2019aviation, et les syst\u00e8mes de communication.<\/li><li><strong>Plasma<\/strong> : Mati\u00e8re ionis\u00e9e soumise au champ magn\u00e9tique, omnipr\u00e9sente dans l\u2019environnement spatial.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad9444d e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-ad9444d-6c86f17 \" data-id=\"ad9444d\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"ad9444d\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3d355f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3d355f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Projets phares<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e987dd e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-1e987dd-cb17aea \" data-id=\"1e987dd\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"1e987dd\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ee3bc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ee3bc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u00a0<strong>1. Solar Orbiter (ESA\/NASA)<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Objectif :<\/strong> \u00c9tudier l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re solaire, les champs magn\u00e9tiques, et les p\u00f4les solaires \u2014 des r\u00e9gions encore mal connues.<\/li><li><strong>Trajectoire<\/strong> :<ul><li>Initialement en orbite au niveau de V\u00e9nus.<\/li><li>Changement de trajectoire pour sortir du plan de l\u2019\u00e9cliptique \u2192 premi\u00e8re observation directe des p\u00f4les du Soleil.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Exploitation des instruments<\/strong>\u00a0:<ul><li>Mesure des champs magn\u00e9tiques solaires.<\/li><li>Analyse du vent solaire et des \u00e9ruptions solaires.<\/li><li>Observation des particules \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques \u00e9mises par le Soleil.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>2. PLATO (Planetary Transits and Oscillations of stars)<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Lancement<\/strong> : <strong>\u00c0 venir<\/strong> (mission de l\u2019ESA).<\/li><li><strong>Objectif<\/strong> :<ul><li>Observer les courbes de lumi\u00e8re de nombreuses \u00e9toiles pour l\u2019ast\u00e9rosismologie (\u00e9tude des vibrations stellaires).<\/li><li>D\u00e9tection d\u2019exoplan\u00e8tes par la m\u00e9thode des transits.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p data-pm-slice=\"1 7 []\"><strong>3. Kepler<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Analyse des donn\u00e9es<\/strong> :<ul><li>S\u00e9paration des signaux (plan\u00e8tes, oscillations stellaires, \u00e9ruptions) pour une \u00e9tude pr\u00e9cise.<\/li><li>\u00c9tude des taches solaires (contraste, taille, nombre) et comparaison avec le Soleil.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Courbes de lumi\u00e8re<\/strong> : Utilis\u00e9es pour \u00e9tudier les oscillations stellaires et mieux comprendre la dynamique interne des \u00e9toiles.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>4. SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory)<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Lancement<\/strong> : 1995 (mission conjointe ESA\/NASA).<\/li><li><strong>Objectif <\/strong>: \u00c9tudier le Soleil de son noyau \u00e0 son atmosph\u00e8re externe, ainsi que le vent solaire.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Instrument GOLF<\/strong> : Mesure des vibrations solaires pour mod\u00e9liser la structure interne et la dynamique du Soleil.<\/p><p><strong>5. Reconstruction de mod\u00e8les<\/strong> :<\/p><ul><li>D\u00e9veloppement de mod\u00e8les 3D de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur solaire pour comprendre sa composition, ses mouvements et son \u00e9volution.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ad07f8 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-7ad07f8-86aa773 \" data-id=\"7ad07f8\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"7ad07f8\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4225912 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4225912\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\n\n\nM\u00e9thodologies et d\u00e9fis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a275ce e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-7a275ce-500d30a \" data-id=\"7a275ce\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"7a275ce\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39aae0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39aae0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour \u00e9tudier le Soleil et les \u00e9toiles, les scientifiques utilisent :<\/p><ul><li><strong>Des t\u00e9lescopes spatiaux<\/strong> (comme ceux de Solar Orbiter ou Solar-C) pour \u00e9viter les perturbations de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re terrestre.<\/li><li><strong>L\u2019ast\u00e9rosismologie<\/strong> : L\u2019\u00e9tude des vibrations des \u00e9toiles, qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le leur structure interne (transit, analyse des oscillations, sismologie locale).<\/li><li><strong>La mod\u00e9lisation num\u00e9rique<\/strong> : Simulation des processus magn\u00e9tiques et des \u00e9ruptions solaires pour pr\u00e9dire leur comportement.<\/li><li><strong>L\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es multi-longueurs d\u2019onde<\/strong> : Combinaison d\u2019observations en <strong>rayons X, ultraviolet, visible et radio<\/strong> pour une vision compl\u00e8te.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9ff216 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f9ff216\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7910799 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7910799\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0bfa4f elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c0bfa4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">En savoir plus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f36de85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f36de85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/physique-solaire-et-stellaire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L&rsquo;\u00e9quipe Physique solaire et stellaire<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comme l\u2019explique \u00c9ric Buchlin, responsable de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe Physique solaire et stellaire, son objectif est de \u00ab comprendre les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes physiques du Soleil et des \u00e9toiles, depuis leur structure interne jusqu\u2019\u00e0 leur atmosph\u00e8re externe, en \u00e9tudiant leur dynamique, leur chauffage, et leurs interactions avec l\u2019espace interplan\u00e9taire. \u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2253,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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