{"id":2278,"date":"2026-09-03T14:34:59","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T12:34:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www-new.ias.u-psud.fr\/?p=2278"},"modified":"2026-09-25T13:19:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T11:19:16","slug":"quest-ce-que-lastrophysique-de-la-matiere-interstellaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/2026\/09\/03\/quest-ce-que-lastrophysique-de-la-matiere-interstellaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019astrophysique de la mati\u00e8re interstellaire ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2278\" class=\"elementor elementor-2278\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62fc4809 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"62fc4809\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51b48f83 animated-slow elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51b48f83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">QUESTIONS DE RECHERCHE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63f7b05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63f7b05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019astrophysique de la mati\u00e8re interstellaire ?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2a0a60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e2a0a60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/The-Orion-Bar-region-NIRCam-image-JWST-ESA-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"The Orion Bar region (NIRCam image)\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"The Orion Bar region NIRCam image - ESA\/Webb, NASA, CSA, M. Zamani (ESA\/Webb), the PDRs4All ERS Team\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjMzMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5pYXMudS1wc3VkLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI2XC8wOVwvVGhlLU9yaW9uLUJhci1yZWdpb24tTklSQ2FtLWltYWdlLUpXU1QtRVNBLXNjYWxlZC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"270\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/The-Orion-Bar-region-NIRCam-image-JWST-ESA-270x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2333\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/The-Orion-Bar-region-NIRCam-image-JWST-ESA-270x300.jpg 270w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/The-Orion-Bar-region-NIRCam-image-JWST-ESA-921x1024.jpg 921w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/The-Orion-Bar-region-NIRCam-image-JWST-ESA-768x854.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/The-Orion-Bar-region-NIRCam-image-JWST-ESA-1382x1536.jpg 1382w, https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/The-Orion-Bar-region-NIRCam-image-JWST-ESA-1843x2048.jpg 1843w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The Orion Bar region NIRCam image - ESA\/Webb, NASA, CSA, M. Zamani (ESA\/Webb), the PDRs4All ERS Team<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b1979b e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-1b1979b-038f428 \" data-id=\"1b1979b\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"1b1979b\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52e2228 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52e2228\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Son objectif est <em>\u00ab de comprendre l\u2019\u00e9volution physique et chimique de la mati\u00e8re interstellaire et circumstellaire, car c\u2019est \u00e0 partir de cette mati\u00e8re que les \u00e9toiles et les plan\u00e8tes se forment \u00bb\u00a0<\/em>explique Emilie Habart, responsable de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe Astrophysique de la mati\u00e8re interstellaire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeb192f e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-aeb192f-f465f8e \" data-id=\"aeb192f\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"aeb192f\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-293b5f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"293b5f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Exploitation scientifique du JWST<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d75608 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-2d75608-4416649 \" data-id=\"2d75608\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"2d75608\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34374f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34374f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLe <strong>James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)<\/strong>, lanc\u00e9 fin 2021 avec une dur\u00e9e de vie estim\u00e9e \u00e0 au moins 26 ans, a r\u00e9volutionn\u00e9 notre compr\u00e9hension de l\u2019Univers. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses <strong>instruments de pointe<\/strong>, il permet d\u2019observer la mati\u00e8re interstellaire avec une <strong>pr\u00e9cision in\u00e9gal\u00e9e<\/strong> :\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>D\u00e9couverte majeure<\/strong> : Une <strong>grande diversit\u00e9 de compositions chimiques<\/strong> dans les <strong>disques protoplan\u00e9taires<\/strong>, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant des d\u00e9tails in\u00e9dits sur les processus de formation des plan\u00e8tes.\n \t<li><strong>Impact<\/strong> : Le JWST a transform\u00e9 notre vision de la formation des \u00e9toiles et des plan\u00e8tes, en offrant des observations dans <strong>l\u2019infrarouge<\/strong> avec une r\u00e9solution et une sensibilit\u00e9 sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8d87e1 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-b8d87e1-da82891 \" data-id=\"b8d87e1\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"b8d87e1\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd3cdfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd3cdfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00e9thodes d\u2019analyse<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3ab03a e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-d3ab03a-1f9244e \" data-id=\"d3ab03a\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"d3ab03a\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99d3901 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99d3901\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPour \u00e9tudier la mati\u00e8re interstellaire, les chercheurs utilisent une <strong>approche multi-longueurs d\u2019onde<\/strong>, adapt\u00e9e aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques de cette mati\u00e8re :\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Observation via des t\u00e9lescopes adapt\u00e9s<\/strong> :\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Milieu ti\u00e8de ou froid<\/strong> : Utilisation d\u2019instruments <strong>infrarouges, radio et proches du visible<\/strong> pour d\u00e9tecter les \u00e9missions caract\u00e9ristiques de ces environnements.\n \t<li><strong>Mati\u00e8re chaude<\/strong> : Observation dans le <strong>proche infrarouge<\/strong> pour analyser les r\u00e9gions plus \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u00c9tude de l\u2019irradiation<\/strong> :\nLa <strong>lumi\u00e8re des \u00e9toiles<\/strong> irradie la mati\u00e8re interstellaire. Analyser cette lumi\u00e8re permet de comprendre son impact sur la chimie, la structure et l\u2019\u00e9volution de la mati\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f361f6b e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-f361f6b-35210d9 \" data-id=\"f361f6b\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"f361f6b\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-890b976 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"890b976\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Missions spatiales<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72d3d02 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-72d3d02-976dd04 \" data-id=\"72d3d02\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"72d3d02\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5b3356 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5b3356\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite)<\/strong> : Premi\u00e8re mission \u00e0 cartographier le <strong>ciel dans l\u2019infrarouge<\/strong>, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant des sources froides et des nuages de poussi\u00e8re.<\/li><li><strong>ISO (Infrared Space Observatory)<\/strong> : Approfondissement des observations infrarouges avec une meilleure r\u00e9solution spectrale.<\/li><li><strong>Spitzer<\/strong> : Observation des disques protoplan\u00e9taires et des r\u00e9gions de formation stellaire.<\/li><li><strong>Herschel<\/strong> : \u00c9tude des nuages mol\u00e9culaires et des processus de formation des \u00e9toiles dans l\u2019infrarouge lointain.<\/li><li><strong>Planck<\/strong> : Mesure du fond diffus cosmologique.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a43eb0b e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-a43eb0b-7b1470e \" data-id=\"a43eb0b\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"a43eb0b\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c387b85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c387b85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Instruments au sol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4677940 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-4677940-2b80ffc \" data-id=\"4677940\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"4677940\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c949f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c949f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLes observations depuis la Terre jouent \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le <strong>compl\u00e9mentaire<\/strong> :\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>T\u00e9lescopes g\u00e9ants<\/strong> : Offrent une meilleure r\u00e9solution angulaire et une polyvalence permettant d\u2019\u00e9tudier des objets anciens ou lointains avec des capacit\u00e9s optimales.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Participation des chercheurs<\/strong> : Tests optiques, traitement des donn\u00e9es, et d\u00e9veloppement de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes d\u2019analyse.\n \t<li><strong>Programme compl\u00e9mentaire : ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array)<\/strong> : Permet d\u2019observer les disques protoplan\u00e9taires et les nuages mol\u00e9culaires avec une r\u00e9solution spatiale et spectrale haute performance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8602627 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-8602627-16c1b5c \" data-id=\"8602627\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"8602627\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddb8e1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ddb8e1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Grands axes de recherche<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a82b066 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-a82b066-b0a9596 \" data-id=\"a82b066\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"a82b066\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29beddb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29beddb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>\u00c9volution des grains et couplage gaz-poussi\u00e8re<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>R\u00e9troaction de la formation stellaire<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Chimie et dynamique des disques<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e94551f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e94551f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6520e72 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6520e72\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dca77a elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7dca77a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">En savoir plus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7db51c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7db51c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/astrophysique-de-la-matiere-interstellaire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L&rsquo;\u00e9quipe Astrophysique de la mati\u00e8re interstellaire (AMIS)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Son objectif est \u00ab de comprendre l\u2019\u00e9volution physique et chimique de la mati\u00e8re interstellaire et circumstellaire, car c\u2019est \u00e0 partir de cette mati\u00e8re que les \u00e9toiles et les plan\u00e8tes se forment \u00bb explique Emilie Habart, responsable de l\u2019\u00e9quipe Astrophysique de la mati\u00e8re interstellaire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2333,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-questions-de-recherche"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2278"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2278\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4203,"href":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2278\/revisions\/4203"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ias.u-psud.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}